African American Discrimination in the United States Essay

African American Discrimination in the United States NO! NO? This is the word most often heard by African Americans throughout our vivid history. Although at one time we were a majority of judgment and unfair discrimination, it is now more than likely safe to say, white or black, we are proud to be Americans. In Harper Lee’s novel To Kill A Mockingbird she elucidates what it was like, during the 1930s, to live in a small town who often put judgment before thought. When thinking of discrimination the words unfair, segregation, and prejudice all come to mind. And why we ask ourselves, because someone or something is DIFFERENT. Is that really how our world should think? Should we separate ourselves into groups depending on our†¦show more content†¦According to Staples, â€Å"racial discrimination limits opportunities for blacks.† Nearly seventy-five percent of African American men seeking employment were previously discriminated against simply because they were black. Not only do they experience prejudice in the work place but when looking for education, housing, and even health care (Staples 23-24). In To Kill A Mockingbird, Lee writes about the difficulty the Robinsons had after Tom was killed and the problems the family had in trying to make ends meet with very little money. Mrs. Robinson was given a poor job in the field due to the empathy the white field owner had for her family and her. This was a slight miracle bec ause it did not occur very often during this time period (248-249). Racism occurs more often and most severely when two groups with different ethnic backgrounds come into contact with one another. This frequently leads to competition among the segregated assemblies (McKissack 15). It may not only lead to competition, but also to stereotyping, name calling, and racial slurs or jokes directed towards the opposite group. Those who believe that what they say and do to hurt others is all in fun are completely ludicrous (McKissack 30). Race hatred sometimes leads to violence,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects of Incarceration Discrimination in the United States for African American Men2898 Words   |  12 Pagesinclusion, and backward progression within society is a trend that engulfs African American men constantly in the American society. There is a continuous struggle to break the persistent mold. Although many feel that the United States has overcome its racist history, the legacies of slavery and racism still affect our policies and practices today. Of the nearly 2.1 million adult men and women imprisoned in the United States, roughly 70% are persons of color (Minton, 2012). Within the criminal justiceRead MoreEssay on African American Minority Group822 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican American Minority Group ETH/125 African American Minority Group Among many of the ethnic groups that experienced a combination of segregation, racism, and prejudice; African Americans is one of the few that is still faced with one or more forms of discrimination today. The majority of African Americans came to the United States from Africa to be slaves, while others are citizens or residents of the United States from partial ancestry a form of the native population. In 1619, theRead MoreRace And Racial Inequality During The Civil Rights Of Everyone Has Improved Over The Last Few Decades1719 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Racism[ˈrÄ Ã‹Å'sizÉ™m]prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one s own race is superior†. Race and racial inequality have strongly shaped American history from its beginning up until now . Americans like to think of the founding of the American colonies and, later, the United States, as driven by liberty and freedom .However, from the start America was founded on inequality which involved the absolute oppression for not onlyRead MoreChanges Brewing For African American History1708 Words   |  7 PagesChanges Brewing for African Americans in 1950s Determined to write a play about African American experience in the United States for every decade during the 20th century, Wilson has written many plays representing each of these decades. Fences is one of such plays about African American in the 1950 s. It began in 1957 and ended in 1965; however, the 1950s marks the time period when the struggle against segregation and racial discrimination became strong in the mainstream of American life, showing thatRead MoreReparations : The Case For Reparations Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagestalking about discrimination and segregation? Ta-Nehisi Coates presents â€Å"The Case for Reparations† to illustrate the need of a reparation to African- American citizens. Coates explains three major concepts in his paper. He emphasizes how African- American citizens have helped create wealth, displays how the government has actually restricted African- American citizens from owning homes in history, and presents a series of compelling stories fr om people still suffering discrimination and segregationRead MoreThe Voting Rights Act Of 19651288 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States was not always considered to be a country that provided equal opportunities for all citizens. Even though numerous opportunities such as participating in political activities, working, and residing were offered, restrictions made these opportunities almost impossible to obtain. Unfair restrictions, including violence, literacy tests, and quotas negatively impacted mostly minorities and immigrants. However, drastic changes occurred during the year 1965; these changes positively impactedRead MoreAfrican Americans During The 20th Century1261 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most influential time frame for African-Americans in the United States would be from 1940-1970. During this time in America, Blacks everywhere were fighting against segregation and discrimination of their race. Consequently, the timeline of events that occurred during this time uncovers the numerous battles that African-American people fought in order to gain their freedom, and their rights as Americans. While these battles seemed everlasting, African-Americans were more persistent than ever inRead MoreRace is Still a Factor in America Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesbeings who are considered to be African- American have made several outstanding achievements since the times of segregation; they have obtained the same suffrage rights, the same job opportunities, and many more privileges that were previously denied to them by their Caucasian counterparts. Though the people of African- American decent have come a long way since the early times of segregation, are they truly seen as equals to the people around them? Have African- Americans been able to obtain the equalityRead MoreAfrican American Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican Americans Michelle W Agwagu AXIA College University of Phoenix My name is Michelle Williams-Agwagu and my ethnicity group is African American. African Americans came here by forced immigration. They were not invited here to America, and they certainly did not come here by choice. They were forced and taken on ships that brought them to America just to become slaves to the white people. Upon arrival to America, African Americans were treated poorly. Many of them were torn apart fromRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act And Voting Rights1665 Words   |  7 PagesGrowing up in America, children are taught by their grade school teachers to be proud of being American. They chant â€Å"Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492† and harmoniously sing patriotic songs such as The Star Spangled Banner while being utterly oblivious of America’s corrupt political system. It may not be until one is pursing their final years of high school, or perhaps even in college when they are aware of America’s history of possessing a highly restrictive political system. For

Essay on Graduation Speech Many Chapters Yet to Write

The fairy tales that forever touch the strings of the human heart have one thing in common: a happy ending. For dramatic effect, the speech you are about to hear begins with one. When we dare to venture into the past to find inspiration for the future, we are inevitably bound to face the moments we’d much sooner forget. Our repeated experience has shown that we are more inclined to find profundity in our seconds of misery and suffering than in years and years of commonplace encounters. It is with that fact in mind that I ask you to imagine this very room, and this very ceremony as it stood exactly five years ago today –Sunday, June 11, 1995. As I imagine it, the scene is no different than the one that extends before me today: an†¦show more content†¦All that remains to be said of the struggle that ensued is embodied here, before your very eyes. As the sole artifact of victory, I unearth the demons of my past not to depress you with sorrow or to impress you with triumph; I hope only to stand here today to bear humble witness to the preciousness of every instant, and to the speed with which the gift of life may be revoked. As this tale of survival is my happy ending, for all of us, this commencement ceremony must also foretell a new beginning. We must today come to terms with the fact that we all have faced – and survived – one of the most difficult and comprehensive curriculums this nation has to offer. As our reflections of this past prepare us to face the future, whispers of success inevitably break the silent moment of contemplation. For indeed, it is all too easy to be swept away in the seductions of a golden tomorrow; now is our brief opportunity to survey the landscape and see just how high our mountains will rise. I make it my duty today, in these short minutes, to disrupt briefly the illusion of our daydreams and to focus our attentions on the reality of the path ahead. As I intend my personal tale to illustrate, the unfolding of life is barely linear, and the trail to the top of our mountains of success is never unobstructed. The message is sobering, but hardly intended to discourage. Instead, the fleeting frailty of our own existence, theShow MoreRelatedPublic Speech On Public Speaking901 Words   |  4 Pagespublic speaking. A guest speaker coming to talk to our class, the priest giving a homily at mass, large assemblies with inspirational speakers, and our graduation speech are a few examples that come to mind. Although it seems like only famous people or teachers ever have to speak in public, in reality, almost everyone will have to give a speech in front of a large group at some point in their lives. This is why public speaking is a required course for most students. Public speaking is importantRead MoreGeneral Douglas Macarthur s Duty, Honor, Country ``1359 Words   |  6 PagesThe Speech â€Å"Duty, Honor, Country† was delivered by General Douglas MacArthur to the Cadets of the Military Academy in West Point, New York. General Douglas MacArthur was being awarded with the Sylvanus Thayer Award to commend the General for all his hard work and devotion to the Military. The Award is a memorable tribute to the ideals that inspired the late General Sylvanus Thayer, who was also known as â€Å"the Father of West Point†. In General Douglas MacArthur’s â€Å"Duty, Honor, Country† speech, he usedRead MoreThe 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens800 Words   |  4 P agesAs a bestselling novel, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens by Sean Covey challenges students to become better versions of themselves through a methodology of intra- and interpersonal exercises taught by many religions and self-help programs around the globe. In this book, readers are taught that prioritizing, proactivity, good communication and intrapersonal strength are all equally important, and that one must achieve inner determination and self esteem before their relationships can be healthyRead MoreGraduation Speech1128 Words   |  5 PagesSasenarine Tomby Graduation Speech 2011 Good afternoon [name of members of the head table], teachers, parents, students, fellow graduates and distinguished guests. I must first and foremost thank God for this blessing and honor to stand before you today as Valedictorian of the Class of 2011. Yet, today is not only my day to shine. Every graduate present here is deserving of high praise and recognition and I would like to congratulate each of you on reaching this milestone in life. IRead MoreThe Adoption Of The Common Core State Standards3072 Words   |  13 Pagesstandards aim is to align instruction with this framework so that many more students than at present can meet requirements of college and career readiness (Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2010a, p. 5). With this end in mind, there should be a renewed focus on the importance of career and technical education in schools and a clear vision of how these courses are articulated to assist with work and vocational aspirations upon graduation and beyond. â€Å"T he adoption and implementation of the CCSS coincidesRead MoreChicanismo in Burciaga ´s Drink Cultura1162 Words   |  5 Pagesoutcome, we can go into a lot of resentment towards other people, and think to ourselves at some point that we are worthiness. In chapter â€Å"The Motherland† the author talks about the pride people take about being Latinos, he talks about being back in Mexico and how it’s all so different once you’ve lived on the other side, a quote that gives you a mental picture would be â€Å"Many white Euro-Mexican will shrug their shoulders, declare they are 100 percent Mexican do not partition or categorize their ancestryRead MoreHello Essay8946 Words   |  36 PagesRon Suskind Chapter by chapter summary posted by jasemonet on 4/21 2:43 PM A Hope In The Unseen By Ron Suskind Chapter by chapter summary A Hope In the Unseen is an amazing book; it deals with race and class. I typed up the notes chapter by chapter. There not extremely detailed summaries, but it can be helpful to anyone who needs a review on the chapters of the book. Chapter 1 Ââ€" Something to push against Chapter 2 Ââ€" Dont let them hurt your children Chapter 3 Ââ€" Rise andRead MoreAcademic Education And Academic Schools2036 Words   |  9 Pagescountry (Tomar). For decades, Harvard and the rest of the â€Å"Ivy League† have been the top academic schools in the country, but our they the overall best schools for our students to attend? These schools are academically incomparable, but there are also many drawbacks to these prestigious institutions. Researchers have seen by analyzing graduates of the top tier schools and current students that they are intellectual, but their performance in the workplace and in social settings do not live up to theirRead MoreEssay about The Color of Water7106 Words   |  29 Pagesmother’s perspective, Ruth, and the other from the son’s perspective, James. 2. What is the ethnic background of the author? * The ethnic background of the author is Caucasian and African-American. Chapter 1: Dead 1. Why is this chapter written in italics? * This chapter was written in Italics because it was written from a different point of view which was Ruth’s perspective who talks about her past as a child. 2. Why is the mother reluctant to talk about her family? *Read MoreLanguage of Advertising20371 Words   |  82 Pagespeculiarities of advertising language are the subject of this graduation paper. At the beginning, in the first chapter is given a general definition of advertising language, its history. The second chapter is types of advertising (consumer advertising, media of consumer advertising). In the third chapter we consider slogans, logos, types with tone and some thoughts of colour. In the fourth chapter we study advertising as a service. The fifth chapter includes new agencies such as newspapers, periodicals,

Gossip Girls Free Essays

How many times a day do you gossip . . . We will write a custom essay sample on Gossip Girls or any similar topic only for you Order Now .Either as a sender or receiver? Although you may think gossip is harmless, it can have some pretty serious consequences. It did for four former employees of the town of Hooksett, Mew Hampshire, who were fired by the city council for gossiping about their boss. They learned the hard way that the gossip can cost you your job. The longtime employees were fired because one of the woman had used derogatory terms to describe the town administrator and because all of them had discussed a rumor that he was having an affair with a female subordinate. All four of the woman acknowledged feeling resentment toward the woman. Who worked in a specially created position and was paid more than two of the employees, despite having less experience and seniority. Despite an appeal of their dismissal by the four employees, the Hooksett council didn’t budge and stated. â€Å"These employees do not represent the best of the town of Hooksett and the false rumors, gossip and derogatory statement have contributed to a negative working environment and malcontent among their fellow employees. † Despite national media attention and a petition signed by 419 residents, asking for the woman to be reinstated, the city council hasn’t wavered on its decision. An attorney for the four women said that his clients were, â€Å"legitimately questioning the conduct of their supervisor, and whether the female subordinate was getting preferential treatment. It almost cheapens it to call it gossip. It might have been idle, not particularly thoughtful, talk. But there was no harm intended. How to cite Gossip Girls, Papers

Banking Concept Essay Research Paper The Banking free essay sample

Banking Concept Essay, Research Paper ? The? Banking? Concept of Education? In the essay? The? Banking? Concept of Education? , by Paulo Freire, he writes of instruction today and how it oppresses creativeness in pupils. This subjugation is a amount of his construct of banking in which the pupils become the? depositaries and the instructor the depositor. ? Freire claims something can be done to halt this Banking procedure and it starts with pupil acknowledgment that they need to move. When the pupils decide to move, the? job presenting method? comes into drama and the pupils may go persons. I see each and every twenty-four hours these methods used in my ain school life, as I sit through my dictatorial talks or contra verse one on one with my professors. In mention to my dictatorial talks, my? banking experience? is a close description to that of Freires, when he writes, ? This is the Banking construct of instruction, in which the range of action allowed to the pupils extends merely every bit far as receiving, filing, and hive awaying the sedimentations? . Page 349 In my similar schoolroom, pupils sit down and listen to the instructor in order to derive information that will assist them win later in life. Every twenty-four hours they pay attending to a professor talk his or her cognition of the topic even if it makes no sense. Taking notes and make fulling at that place minds with this information that can about be useless to them. This useless information, in which we as pupils are suppose to maintain until a given trial day of the month, and so as ordered regurgitate. Freire hates this whole thought, of the deficiency of the person in the schoolroom. Freire expresses this as he writes, # 8221 ; but in the last analysis it is the people themselves who are filed off through the deficiency of creativeness, transmutation and cognition in this ( at best ) misguided system? . Page 349 I can associate to this quotation mark in my ain category, where at least 120 people in a bowl like room, are lead by our professor that has to utilize a mike in order for everyone to hear her. We have no originative mercantile establishment with our instructor in fact for the most portion the few that do raise their manus are missed as our instructor looks at her sea of slaves. We are nobody, as we hurry to compose our notes of her operating expense before she jumps to the following. A depositary does non to the full understand what is taught. In a rare instance where the professor does inquire the pupils a inquiry, a adult female one time raised her manus giving the incorrect reply. At this point I have to inquire myself if it is even deserving raising my ain manus, and it is obvious that the remainder of the auditorium feels the same manner as a silence comes o ver the room. The instructor answers her ain inquiry and continues on about the slide, neglecting to tie in her inquiry with the talk. Coercing us to go on to compose farther notes, the impulse for more account is forgotten. There is no creativeness in this category, no teacher-student interaction, there is merely having, memorizing, and reiterating. One must now inquire themselves why there is non a solution for this quandary. Freire believes there is a solution, and he refers to it as the? Problem-posing? method for instruction. This is where the instructor and pupil interact with each other in order to larn. ? The instructor is no longer simply the-one-who-teaches, but one who is himself taught in duologue with the pupils, who in bend while being taught besides teach. ? Page 354. As the professor and pupil interact with one another, the more inquiries are answered which are understood clearly. By utilizing this? Problem Presenting Method? there is a connexion that goes far beyond instruction, it is one which inquiries are being raised, instructors are believing of replies that relate non merely from text but besides from thought and experience. This construct works the other manner besides, in that the pupil besides has to interact, believe, and therefore understand. I am non merely exposed to the downside of instruction in my current experience ; I am besides seeing the Problem Posing method used. In this category, I participate on? treatment? in which the pupils are encouraged to inquire inquiries and in some even assigned as prep to type two three capable affairs in which they are holding problem with. The instructor answers these inquiries in the category. Freire explains this experience, ? The students-no thirster docile listeners-are now critical co-investigators in duologue with the instructor? . Page 355 I surely can associate to this quotation mark, as where in talk I am cipher, and in treatment I can be an single and raise inquiries that have more pregnant so any designated operating expense. I have walked through my first semester at UMASS, inquiring why we have talks and even happen myself oppugning if it is for merely selfish grounds for the battalion of pupils wishing to take the category. Through Paulo Freire? s essay, I am able to see that it is non merely me who thinks that being a depositary does non make anything for pupils. I can now acknowledge the strength of my treatment category and possibly take better advantage of its learning experience. The Problem Posing Method is the manner to travel and I will look for those categories based on this type of learning for following semester. I will be a single, and will non be oppressed by my depositors.

Computer Games Essays - Play, Childhood, Girl, Women, Spice Girls

Computer Games This Christmas, like millions of other parents, I bought my two children, a boy and a girl, a popular home video game system. I thought they could share it and when asked if this was OK with them, they replied, "Sure mom, that would be great." So, we planned on installing the little goody onto the TV in the family room, so that both kids would have an equal chance to play. So, "What then?" you may be asking is the problem. The problem arose when we went to shop for games for the system. They weren't hard to find. They were in all the local toy stores and Walmart and Kmart too! But, there weren't any for girls! I looked high and low and came up empty handed. Why was this happening? Surely, girls must want to play video games as much as boys do! Why then, aren't game manufacturers producing any video games that feature girls as the main character? On a recent trip to our local Walmart store, I found over two hundred video game titles, yes I counted, for our game system, but of these only two had female main characters. One of them was, you guessed it, Barbie! The other one was a female warrior dressed in a scantily clad leather outfit. I'm pretty sure the latter was designed for young men, and not for young girls. Surely, a big retailer, like Toys-R-Us would have more of a selection. So, off I went on my merry way only to be once again disappointed. Toys-R-Us had over 300 titles in stock for our game system and only the same two titles I found at Walmart were available there with one new addition, which was the Spice Girls CD. It's price had been reduced, so I guessed it was left over from last year when the Spice Girls used to be popular. I ended up purchasing 4 games for my kids to play. I found a few with cartoon characters as lead characters, that I felt would be appropriate for kids. I bought Rugrats, Loony Tunes, Grand Turismo (race cars), and Tetras (puzzle). All, except the puzzle game, had male characters in the lead, but at least these were rated as non-violent. After some careful research, I found that video games are a 7 billion dollar a year industry that out surpasses even the movie industry by 2 billion dollars each year ( 2 ). Mostly, these games are being sold to boys and young men. Girls currently represent only about 20 percent of the market, having been pretty much written off by important manufacturers like, Hasbro, Sony, and Sega ( 3 ). Girls have extensive buying power though, nearly 84 billion dollars annually, and over 6 million of them live in households with gaming systems ( 3 ). From ages, 6 to 10, girls play video games as much and as often as boys in that same age bracket, and one survey reports that if there were more games out there that they enjoyed, 85 percent of girls surveyed would use their gaming systems more ( 1 ). Girls don't seem to like the same kinds of games boys do. Instead of the violent, time-limited games boys go for, the girls like games that offer strong narratives, interaction, and creativity. It's not enough to simply convert or replace existing software for girls; the basic structure should be changed. A 1995 survey in Children's Software Review found only 28 of the 344 games with female characters in leading roles ( 3 ), proof that few producers have created games exclusively for girls. I believe this is largely so, due to the male dominance in the whole computer and technological industry. Males are turning out a product for other males. Then why aren't women out there designing a product girls will enjoy? Some are trying, but I have found it a catch-22 situation. Men are leading the technology industry because they are the ones inviting other males to join their ranks by making only games geared towards boys and young men. Girls are less likely to deem this area as fun and inviting and thus, turn their attention to other areas of study once college bound. Some companies are beginning to look for ways to encourage girls to get more involved in information technology. Girl Tech is one such group, in hopes of reaching 3.4 million Girl Scouts, they are sponsoring a technology merit-badge program (3 ). Efforts like this must

Essay on Educational Psychology and Learners

Essay on Educational Psychology and Learners Essay on Educational Psychology and Learners Principles of Learning Introduction The following assignment discusses motivation, learning activities, organisation of information, communication and feedback. The theories of psychologists will be referenced to the examples given for motivation and the organisation of information. Theories include those of Abraham Maslow, Jerome Bruner and David Kolb. Motivation Students attend Learning Resources IT training on a voluntary basis, and are therefore highly motivated. These students are intrinsically motivated. Borich & Tombari describe this type of motivation as follows â€Å"intrinsic motivation influences learners to choose a task, get energised about it, and persist until they accomplish it successfully, regardless of whether it brings an immediate reward† (p210). This description closely matches how our learners behave. Our students have recognised that they would benefit from improving their IT skills, have sought out and identified a resource to help them achieve this, and are happy to attend a programme that does not award a certificate. Some students are extrinsically motivated, as there are external factors for responsible for their attendance. An example of this if they are referred by academic staff for additional IT support, or if they are experiencing problems with an assignment involving IT. Social learning theorists such as Albert Bandura believe that observing peers shapes learners’ behaviour and that the social environment can influence personality Zimbardo, McDermott, Jansz & Metaal (p460). This could explain why some students attend because their peers are already competent in using a computer. If friends and family are IT literate then the learner feels they should be too. As more people become adept in using IT, then more people will follow this behaviour. Whatever the motivation factors, when a learner attends a learning programme it is the responsibility of the tutor to maintain their motivation. The learning environment Introduction A tutor’s first consideration is to establish and maintain an effective learning environment. Learners need to feel secure and emotionally safe. As the humanist psychologist Abraham Maslow’s (1962) Hierarchy of Needs shows, physiological and safety needs must be satisfied before a person can progress. These needs can be applied to a computer workshop as discussed in Reece & Walker (p101). To satisfy physiological needs the tutor must ensure that the room is not too hot/cold, the chairs meet health and safety regulations, and learners have adequate breaks. Many students feel insecure and apprehensive about learning IT, to ensure they feel emotionally safe it is important that the tutor show empathy. Computers must be regularly maintained and software properly installed to ensure the learner does not have to struggle with technical difficulties. Learning activities The Humanist psychologists believe behaviour is unique to each individual. We are not all motivated by the same things and we all have different aims and expectations. Borich & Tombari describe the humanist theory as follows: â€Å"It is called humanist because the primary focus is the inner thoughts, feelings, psychological needs, and emotions of the individual learner† (p285). The Humanistic approach should apply choosing teaching methods and planning learning activities. Learning activities must be structured to meet the needs of all learners. This can be a challenge as some learners expect formal instruction and the tutor-led approach, while others want to work independently, requesting help as required. Learners can become frustrated and de-motivated if the workshop is not at an appropriate level and/or the teaching methods and activities inappropriate to their needs. Psychologist Carl Rogers stated that the learner should be placed at the centre of the learning process through active self-discovery. He also stated that â€Å"the job of the teacher, in his view, is to

Staffing difficulties in the long term care nursing Essay

Staffing difficulties in the long term care nursing - Essay Example A recent research effort suggests that nearly 60% of all people will need extended help in one or more of the areas above during their lifetime (Thomas, 2008). The need for long-term care may for a short period or it may go on for years because it all depends on the underlying reasons for requiring the care. Temporary long term care includes nursing care needed for patient rehabilitation from a hospital stay, recovery from illness, recovery from injury, recovery from surgery and care needed by those with terminal medical condition (Dickinson, 2006). On the other hand, ongoing long term care is help need by those with chronic medical conditions, chronic severe pain, permanent disabilities and those with dementia among others. The main objective of this research paper is to examine staffing difficulties in long term care nursing One main staffing difficulty in the long term care nursing is clinical hand over. Clinical handover is the transfer of responsibility for care of patients between health care professionals (Whitt N, 2007). To this date, with the ever-transformation face of working hours for nurses the domain of handovers has come under debate in recent years. There is little or no study that has been carried out in this area and globally there is meager literature about nurse handovers in the long term care nursing. It is truer to say that as nurse work hours decrease, the number of handovers conducted should logically increase. In addition, the benefit of the patient being treated by a less fatigued nurse may be offset by the risk of information breakdown due to poor handover practices and systems (Whitt N, 2007). A reviewed research has found that more than half of nurses report that they had encountered difficulties more than seven times in their most recent clinical rotation. This in essence directly contributes to a poor handover in the long-term nursing care.. Other studies reveal

Reviews of the Articles about Global Problems Essay

Reviews of the Articles about Global Problems - Essay Example Soil, which is composed of organic and inorganic components, is an integral part of terrestrial life and many organisms including humans are greatly dependent on this vast resource. The organic or living components which are constituted by thousands of microbes, fungi, nematodes, mites and gophers play a vital role in maintaining soil health and fertility. The organic wastes that are present in the soil are processed by the soil microflora and the resulting nutrients are made available for the plants. Ground water is filtered and cleaned by the soil matter and soil also helps to retain atmospheric dust and other pathogens thereby contributing to cleaner air. Soil is also a major determinant of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Man-made activities such as plowing and soil changes due to erosion and neglect can result in the release of excessive amounts of carbon dioxide in to the atmosphere. Agricultural practices such as tillage can deprive the soil of essential organic nutrients an d the addition of fertilizer chemicals, pesticides and herbicides further deplete the soil nutrients. The large number of concrete layered on top of the soil in urban areas, heavy machines and pollution cause extensive and at times irreversible damages to soil life. The desert conditions in Africa are mainly due to extensive grazing and agriculture which has resulted in degradation of the top soil. The author further adds that unhealthy soil can also cause several human diseases. The increasing global warming poses a great threat to the biodiversity of the soil which can be adversely affected even with the slightest change in temperature and moisture. The author has also included the views of soil experts Eric B. Nelson and Diana H. Wall who respectively believe that soil... The essay "Reviews of the Articles about Global Problems" analyses eight articles by eight different authors about such global problems as like the effect of increasing carbon dioxide quantities on global warming, threats to soil life from globalization and industrialization, the harm of pesticides to the environment and the effect of technological advancements on humanity. For example, the article â€Å"The hidden world under our feet† by Jim Robbins focuses on soil life and the numerous threats that it faces due to globalization and industrialization around the world. Soil, which is composed of organic and inorganic components, is an integral part of terrestrial life and many organisms including humans are greatly dependent on this vast resource. The organic or living components which are constituted by thousands of microbes, fungi, nematodes, mites and gophers play a vital role in maintaining soil health and fertility. Another article â€Å"A Change in temperature† by Justin Gillis analyses the effect of increasing carbon dioxide quantities on global warming. Recent findings suggest that global temperature change is a more slow process and humans would be able to adapt to these changes. The major issue under consideration is about the sensitivity of the climate to increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. Earlier in the 19th century, Svante Arrhenius estimated the earth’s average temperature to increase by nine degrees Fahrenheit, though, now it is likely to be between three to eight degrees Fahrenheit.

Personal Development Portfolio (Reflective Account) Essay

Personal Development Portfolio (Reflective Account) - Essay Example The actual process of writing the thesis took many twists and turns and there were long hours spent in accessing databases of stock exchanges and finding the reliable ones from the respectable ones; deciding on the methodology to be used, deciding the structure of the document and how information would be presented and so on. At the end of the thesis, I found that more than just a thesis, I was much richer as I had learnt the elements of conducting good research, how to structure the document, how to remain focussed and write so that the words represented my thoughts and analysis and how to conduct analysis of researched data. This document relates my experience as a researcher, learner and a student and my dissertation experience. The journey into conducting research for the thesis led me through various paths such as the very nature of equities, stock exchanges, bonds and debt instruments, share price indices, bourses, credit rating companies and other entities. I am glad to say that other than the 70 odd pages of the thesis, I also learn about many things such as how stock are evaluated, what is the nature of credit rating companies and more so, the intense efforts put in by these companies when they take up a debt instrument for rating. Prior to the thesis, I had very little idea of the methodology use behind rating. But now it is evident that rating agencies conduct very deep research into many aspects of a company such as its history, the nature of the market, history of the promoters, market sentiments and drivers and also variables that act on a debt instrument. The research taken up the teams in rating agencies cover many cross functional areas such as finance, accounts, economics and management and the research can take more than 2 months before a rating is given. When c company or its financial product is rated, it does not end at that as the rating is under regular

Democracy Of Goods In Contemporary Consumer Culture Media Essay

Democracy Of Goods In Contemporary Consumer Culture Media Essay The term democracy was defined as equal access to consumer products and by depicting the everyday functioning of that democracy with regard to one product at a time, these tableaux offered Americans an inviting vision of their society as an incontestable equality According to Onufrijchuk in Leiss et al 1997: 50 the course of the 20th century has seen a dramatic and sustained rise in the real income and purchasing power of the average person in western societies, where most people have access to a huge and constantly changing array of goods this may rely on the fact why Marchand argued the fact that the 20th century allowed for equal access to goods because individuals for example the working class individual in society were continually earning more, and what better way to spend the extra money they have than to buy products that the upper class would usually use, thus, they can then believe that they are having shared experience with the upper classs taste, whereas the upper class are getting furious because they have to continually look for ways in other to differentiate themselves from the other classes. Bourdieu in Gronow (1997: 11) argued that the taste of the ruling class is always the legitimate taste of a society, but in his own opinio n, this legitimate taste is not genuine good taste: in fact there could be no possible genuine good taste. He went on to argue that legitimate taste pretends to be the universally valid and disinterested good taste, whereas in reality it is nothing more than the taste of one particular class, the ruling class. The term Trigg 2001 calls trickle down, leap-frog and trickle down. Taste would be considered later on in the essay in relation to democracy of goods. This could be said as to why Marchand suggested that the early 20th century advertising offered access to goods and a vision of society of incontestable. Schudson 1986: 180-181 illustrates better as he argued that there was a new sense of scarcity of time, accelerated by the increasingly large array of choices available to people. There was more choice, or a sense of more choice, in part because the newspapers, movies, and radio bought to people a strong sense of other social worlds, and other possibilities. The advances in mass production methods made goods and luxuries unheard of a generation before potentially available to a large number of people. In the supermarket there were more product categories, and within these more brands to choose from. The different media outlets made people think or feel that they had many choices and that they could experience the world of the upper class just by buying certain products to make them blend in to the crowd of the upper class. With the i ncrease of mass production of products, it made it possible for the working class to have the shared experience and for the fact that there was an increase in mass product, goods were produced cheaper. Hence, Marchand 1985: 218 arguing that there were no discrepancies in wealth could prevent the humblest citizen, provided they chose their purchases wisely, from retiring to setting in which they could contemplate their essential equality, through possession of an identical productGIVE AN EXAMPLE LATER This can be said to be what is happening in our current contemporary society The advertising parables offered comfortable rather than distasteful truths. They usually sought to persuade more through insinuation than confrontation, and sought unthinking assent rather than active thought or new insight. They encouraged readers to assimilate the product into their present lives in order to force them to a decision to live by a different logic. Marchand 1985: 207. Advertising products makes the audience feel like they need to purchase certain products and that if they do not acquire the products, they cannot be satisfied in their lives, Marchand 1985: 207. The parables of advertising promised reads no insurmountable limitations and offered a reality easily within the reach of their hearts desires provide any one with the ultimate satisfaction (ibid: 218) GIVE AN EXAMPLE LATER) According to Marchand 1985: 217-218 Democracy of goods is the wonders of modern mass production and distribution enabled every person to enjoy the societys most significant pleasure, convenience, or benefit. The definition of the particular benefit fluctuated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the cumulative effect of the constant reminders that any woman can and every home can afford was to publicize an image of American society in which concentrated wealth at the top of a hierarchy of social classes restricted no familys opportunity to acquire the most significant products. Daniel Boorstin in Schudson 1886: 181 stated that there was democratization of good. Products that once held some kind of uniqueness to them by being available only at certain times of the year or only certain parts of the country were increasing available all year-round and throughout the country, thanks to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ other technological and other social developments. Not only the means of production but the modes of became a continuous process' Boorstin argued that products became democratized in three ways. Firstly, they became more standard as they come to be produced for the mass audience. They are easier to handle, easier to do it yourself without great skill on the part of the user; both a mediocre cook and a great cook make equally good cakes from a cake mix à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ standard products and standard situations for shopping make it easier for the unskilled consumer to avoid embarrassment and to become equal to the adept consumer. Secondly, products become not only more standard but milder and easier to use. They become convenient à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Convenience is an attribute that has much to do the social uses and social meaning of a product as with its engineering. The more convenient a good, the more it is equally available for the use if men and women, adults and children à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Thirdly, there is democratization when goods are consumed in increasingly public ways. To liberate from society, we ought and must was not for Marcuse a problem. What the problem the problem specific to society which delivers the goods was that for liberation there was no mass basis few people wished to be liberated, een fewer were willing to act on that wish, and virtually no one was quite sure in what way the liberation from society might differ from the state they were already in Bauman 2000: 16 One such issue was the possibility that what feels like freedom is not in fact freedom at all; that people may be satisfied with their lot even though that lot were far from being objectively satisfactory; that, living in slavery, they feel free and so experience no urge to liberate themselves, thus forsaking or forfeiting the chance of being genuinely free Bauman 2000: 17 is liberation a blessing, or a curse? A curse disguised as blessing, a blessing feared as curse? Bauman 2000: 18. other popular addresses for similar complaints have been the embourgeoisement of the underdog (the substitution of having for being, and being for acting, as the uppermost values) Bauman 2000: 19. However Gronow 1997: 9 argued that taste was an ideal means on making social distinctions. Any parvenu who tried to act as a gentleman could always be put in his proper place by letting him know through small gestures that even though he thinks he is acquainted with the right etiquette, he still does not master the requirements of good taste. This can us be used as a criticism in relation to democracy of good in the sense that even though there was mass production of goods, the working class were not accepted even though they tried fitting in, into the upper class. Thus it can be argued that the democracy of goods created an illusion of democracy, as it made working class ind ividuals Boorstin 1993 and others have suggested that mass consumption created democracy of goods. Schudsons account is somewhat different. Yes, goods became more uniformly available, more standardized, more convenient, and more likely to be consumed in public ways. Yet, although the goods displayed in a department store are in theory available to everyone, in practice they are available only ot those with the resources to make the purchase. Schudsons analysis reminds us that the displays of mass consumption creates a democratization of desire and envy (1984 pp 181, 151) Advertising reached its modern form around 1900 rather than simply describing products technical virtues, ads increasingly addressed consumers deeper concerns. Instead of extolling the cleaning powder of a particular soap, for example, the new ads emphasized the social embarrassment of body odor or the sex appeal of the skin (Fischer 2010: 65) The parable of the democracy of goods always remained implicit in its negative counterpart. It assured readers that they could be as healthy, as charming, as free from social offense as the very nicest (richest) people, simply by using a product that any one could afford (219) The parable emphasized the affordability of the product to families of modest income while attempting to maintain a class image of the products the preferred choice of their social better (221) The most attractive aspect of the parable to advertisers was that it preached the coming of an equalizing democracy without sacrificing those fascinating contrast of social condition that had long been the touchstone of high drama (221) They dressed up Americans wealthy as dazzling aristocrats, and then reassured readers that they could easily enjoy an essential equality with such elites in the things that really mattered GIVE AN EXAMPLE CHERYL COLE ADVERTISEMENT (she worked her way up, the general working class public could identify with her background and where she has come from. Thus suggesting that if they work really hard they could get to where they want be and be what they want in society

Loneliness in The Seafarer by Bradley and The Wifes Lament by Stanford :: essays research papers

When exiled from society, loneliness becomes apparent within a person. The poems The Seafarer translated by S.A.J. Bradley and The Wife?s Lament translated by Ann Stanford have a mournful and forlorn mood. Throughout each poem exists immense passion and emotion. In the two elegiac poems there is hardship, loneliness and uncertainty for each character to live with. The Wife?s Lament speaks movingly about loneliness, due to the speaker projecting the lonesomeness of the women who was exiled from society. The woman in the poem has been exiled from her husband and everything she loves, all she has is a single oak-tree to be comforted by. As she has been banished from all she loves, the tone becomes gloomy and depressing. The speaker uses expressions such as joyless and dark to create a sorrowful mood for the poem. As well as the expressions used in this poem, the setting also creates loneliness. The setting generates a darkened and desolate place which makes the woman feel exiled from society. The Seafarer is about an old sailor, and the loneliness and struggle of being out at sea. The speaker uses his loneliness out at sea along with his struggles such as the cold and hunger he faces. The speaker puts emphasis on his loneliness by saying, ?my heart wanders away, my soul roams with sea?. This adds to the imagery that the sailor is attached to his life at sea, his love for sailing yet adds the isolation that comes with his life. Both poems where written in the Anglo-Saxton era in Old English and later translated into English. As well as both poems being written in the same time period, they are both elegiac poems, meaning they are poignant and mournful.

Quality of life Scenario Essay

PART ONE Medical-Surgical Cases 2. What is the rationale for changing the method of administering furosemide? [c] M.G. is fl uid overloaded and needs to decrease fl uid volume in a short period. IV administration is delivered directly into the vascular system, where it can start to work immediately. In HF, blood fl ow to the entire GI system is compromised; therefore the absorption of orally ingested medications may be variable and take longer to work. 3. You administer furosemide 80 mg IVP. Identify three parameters you would use to monitor the effectiveness of this medication. [k] †¢ Daily weight †¢ I&O †¢ Decreased dependent edema †¢ Decreased SOB, decreased crackles in the bases of the lungs, and possibly decreased O2 demands †¢ Decreased JVD 4. What laboratory tests should be ordered for M.G. related to (R/T) the order for furosemide? [c] Furosemide 80 mg is a potent diuretic, which may cause the loss of potassium and magnesium. These 2 electrolytes are important in maintaining a stable heart rhythm. These electrolytes will need to be supplemented if the levels are low. âÅ" ½ Note: Most HF admissions are R/T fl uid volume overload. Patients who do not require intensive care monitoring can most often be treated initially with IVP diuretics, O2, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. 5. How do ACE inhibitors help in HF? [k] ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This results in systemic vasodilation, thereby reducing preload (reducing the volume of blood entering the left ventricle) and afterload (reducing the resistance to the left ventricular contraction) in patients in HF. âÅ" ½ Instructor Note: You could tell the students that the most frequent side  effect of ACE inhibitors is a persistent, nonproductive cough. The intensity of the symptoms tends to be dose related; the higher the dose, the more intense the cough. An important alternative medication is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), often called â€Å"an ACE without a cough.† Mosby items and derived items  © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 3  chapter 1 Cardiovascular Disorders Case Study 1 6. M.G.’s symptoms improve with IV diuretics. She is ordered back on oral furosemide once her weight loss is deemed adequate to achieve a euvolemic state. What will determine if the oral dose will be adequate to consider her for discharge? [k] It is critical to help the primary care provider assess whether the change from IV to oral diuretics can maintain a stable weight. One of the fl uid management goals for patients in HF is to maintain a target weight. This is done by monitoring daily morning weight, keeping an accurate I&O, and recording subjective symptoms. 7. M.G. is ready for discharge. What key management concepts should be taught to prevent relapse and another admission? âÅ" ½ Hint: Use the mnemonic MAWDS. [k] The most essential aspect of teaching hospitalized patients without overloading them is to focus on realistic key points. Teaching should be aimed at tips to improve symptoms and prevent readmission. The 5 most important concepts for patients with HF are included in MAWDS instructions. Medications: Take as directed, do not skip a dose, and do not run out of medications. Activity: Stay as active as you can while limiting your symptoms. Weight: Weigh every morning. Call if you gain or lose 2 pounds overnight or 5 pounds from your target weight. Diet: Follow a low-salt diet and limit fl uids to less than 2 quarts or liters per day. Symptoms: Know what symptoms to report to your provider; report early to prevent readmission. Mosby items and derived items  © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Army of Ants essays

Army of Ants essays He was well aware of their power of adaptation, their sense of discipline, their marvelous talent for organization. Some might think that a well trained army of soldiers was the subject of this statement, not an insect of thumbs length. Ants are thought to be small, insignificant creatures that could cause no more harm than a ruined picnic and squashed without the slightest struggle, but not these ants. In the story Leiningen Versus the Ants, looking like something that comes from a horror film, the voracious ants ate everything in sight, including human flesh. But these ants seemed to have something else. An intelligence that only humans could possess and actions that were even more amazing. Organization and strategy hardly seem like an element that a swarm of ants would possess, but in this case, they had it. They separated their army into groups, with each taking a different course to try and enter the plantation. Such great intelligence could frighten anyone when it comes down to millions of razor jawed insects wanting nothing more than to immolate you until all that is left are your bones. Knowing that each time these creatures lose a battle, they get smarter, and could at any second come up with a massive plan, definitely adds to the suspense of the story, because you never know what the ants will come up with. The actions of these ants add even more horror to the story by showing their determination. Building bridges and sacrificing themselves for the rest of their army is shocking for creatures of their size and reputation. Just the act of building a bridge to get across a moat is something only a human should be able to do. The ants actually worked together, communicating with each other to accomplish this huge human-like task. Now the reader knows exactly what the ants are capable of doing, making the mystery of what they will do next a horrifying thought. ...

Data Protection among Employees Essay Example

Data Protection among Employees Essay Example Data Protection among Employees Essay Data Protection among Employees Essay P5, P6 AND M2 An employee working within the HR department at Dominos became frustrated when she found out that men working within the organisation were being paid more than women who were working in the same role. She decided that the best way to deal with this situation was to email all staff within the organisation and send documents proving her findings. These documents contained sensitive employee information (personal details: address, bank account and salary etc.), all staff were outraged, and the employee was dismissed immediately. The implications of the employee’s actions span across legal, ethical and operational issues in relation to the use of business information. LEGAL ISSUES Legislation (law) is outlined by the government and businesses need to enforce this when handling information. There are various amounts of legislations that protect, pertain to and manage business information. An example would be the Data Protection Act (1996). The Data Protection Act 1998 protects the information held about people from being misused. Another would be the similar and newer regulation The General Data Protection Regulation. There are 8 major principles of the Data Protection Act, these principles require that personal information is: 1. Processed fairly and lawfully 2. Processed for one or more specified and lawful purposes, and not further processed in any way that is incompatible with the original purpose 3. Adequate, relevant and not excessive 4. Accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date 5. Kept for no longer than is necessary for the purpose for which it is being used 6. Processed in line with the rights of individuals 7. Kept secure with appropriate technical and organisational measures taken to protect the information 8. Not transferred outside the European Economic Area (the European Union member states plus Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein) unless there is adequate protection for the personal information being transferred The General Data Protection Regulation (2018) comes into effect on 25 May 2018. The GDPR builds on existing data protection law to strengthen the protection of individuals personal data. Personal data a business might hold includes: Employee records Customer databases There are stricter rules for sensitive personal data: Sensitive data continues to include information on racial or ethnic origin, political opinions, religious beliefs, trade union membership, health, and information on sex life or sexual orientation. Genetic or biometric data are also sensitive data. Dominos must follow this act and make sure that all obtained customer and staff information is secure, relevant and accurate. At Dominos they collect â€Å"personal information such as your name, address, telephone number and email address as provided by you when you register to My Domino’s or place an order with us† . The employee broke the Data Protection and General Data Act by disclosing sensitive employee information such as financial and personal details to other staff. This is puts staff at risk of fraud and other financial crimes. In this case Dominos have failed, they have failed to maintain the Data Protection and GDPR and have allowed an employee to leak sensitive employee information this can have several major implications on the business staff morale and cohesion as inter-staff trust is likely to be weakened after this event, which can likely take a toll on business performance and therefore sales. Most important employees have now lost trust in the busine ss, it was Dominos job to keep their information safe and yet it got disclosed and spread in a public manner despite the woman’s perceived good will. In order to make employees feel safe and to prevent something similar from happening again, Dominos must implement new organisational policies pertaining to the protection and security increase of employee information. The Freedom of Information Act (2000) allows any individual or business to request information held by a public authority. E.g. Nottingham City Council and Nottingham County Council. In Domino’s privacy policy it outlines the fact that all customers â€Å"have a right to request access to or rectification of your personal data which we hold about you. You also have a right to erase your personal data, to restrict the processing of your personal data and the right to receive your personal data that you have provided to us and to transit such personal data to another data controller†. It was in the employee’s rights to request pay information of both male and female workers within the business but she The Computer Misuse Act (1990) Businesses have to ensure they protect business information. The act splits into three different sections and makes the following illegal: Unauthorised access to computer material Unauthorised access to computer systems with intent to commit another defence Unauthorised modification of computer material ETHICAL ISSUES Ethical issues refer to the codes of practice that exist in businesses to maintain ‘moral principles concerning acceptable and unacceptable behaviour by businesses’. They maintain these ethics on: Use of Email Whistle-Blowing Organisational Policies Information Ownership All businesses have codes of conduct on the correct use of email within the business. These codes often refer to how much and what you can send on email. Examples of expected emails would be: To send business information to staff To send a memo To send a notice of business meetings To distribute news To share basic information to a large group of people Examples of email against most email codes of conduct would be: Personal emails Large amounts of information/documents, to a large number of people Inappropriate content Personal Conversations Sending Confidential materials Dominos doesn’t not have open evidence of internal email codes of conduct however, in order to run the business as smoothly as possible they more than likely use a number of the aforementioned rules. The employee definitely broke these rules by sending confidential materials to the whole Dominos does have codes of conduct pertaining to the customer, they make sure to let customers know that they can unsubscribe from receive promotional materials from Domino’s via email.

US GAAP IFRS Convergence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

US GAAP IFRS Convergence - Essay Example According to the research findings over the past 15 years, many accounting controversies and scandals have caused financial turmoil and resulted in the bankruptcy of several major firms. In response to these events, the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) began developing the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) to provide transparency and comparability for investors across the world. Today, more than 113 countries have adopted the IFRS or are in the process of converging to the standard. While countries such as Canada adopted the IFRS as early as 2011, the United States has maintained that transition from the US GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) to the globally accepted IFRS will require more time. The US GAAP is the accounting standard followed by all companies registered in the United States. Doherty estimates that the US will not be able to adopt the IFRS completely before 2015. As a result, both the FASB (Federal Accounting Standards Board of the US) and the IASB have been working to achieve convergence between the two standards. However, this convergence exercise has been ongoing for several years as related agencies including the FASB, IASB, SEC and the general industry debate on the pros and cons of specific rules and regulations. The first step towards achieving convergence between the US GAAP and IFRS was initiated by the Norwalk Agreement in 2002, under which both governing bodies pledged their commitment towards the goal of convergence and agreed to realize it by the year 2008. The boards met once again in 2008 to discuss outstanding milestones and agreed to fulfill them by 2011. Both organizations planned to achieve this through joint projects that would help define and establish a set of principle-based standards (Nobes and Parker, 2010). Achieving these objectives, within the stipulated time period, has however not been possible, owing to a number of bottlenecks and shortcomings on the part of both the IASB and the FASB. For example, both parties realized during 2010 that they would be unable to resolve all outstanding issues by 2011 (Brands, 2011). In response, they decided to prioritize all such projects based on their relative importance. Despite ensuring quicker resolution of these urgent issues, many prioritized projects such as ‘Financial Instruments’ and ‘Revenue Recognition’ are yet to be resolved. As a result, other ‘low-priority’ projects like ‘Income Taxes’, ‘Financial Statement Presentation’ and ‘Liabilities’ are unlikely to be resolved in the near future (Bruce, 2010). Much of the delay can be attributed to the overwhelming and diverse nature of public feedback, received in the form of exposure drafts, which need to be thoroughly examined and analyzed to determine the most appropriate standard. The delay is further exacerbated, as the boards then have to prepare subsequent drafts after taking al l public feedback into consideration and re-expose them for further public scrutiny. Most recently, the FASB and IASB announced that they would re-expose their latest drafts on revenue and leases. Based on their expected date of publication and comments from interested parties, the effective date for both standards is unlikely to be set any earlier than 2015 (Jamal, 2010). Thus, it is evident that despite considerable planning it has been impossible to prevent unavoidable delays in the early adoption of a common accounting standard. Hail, Leuz and Wysocki (2010a) blame the IASB and the FASB for ignoring due diligence and instead focusing their efforts towards meeting the deadline. He criticizes both rule-setting bodies for setting highly optimistic targets instead of

Santa Monica Mountain Watershed Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Santa Monica Mountain Watershed - Research Paper Example The paper tells that the Santa Monica Mountains in the United State are parallel to the Mountain Santa Susana which is mainly situated straightly to the north side of the mountains crossways the San Fernando Valley. Many tourists come here every year for viewing and feel the beauty of the fresh air at the mountains, valleys, rivers, and forest in the Mountains. The mountain range is situated on the banks of Pacific Ocean. So it can provide a fantastic beach for the tourist in the evening. The UC natural set aside Scheme that plays an enabling position in the main research project that is of worldwide importance. By offering sheltered, landscape-scale locales, in addition, to support services devoted to research there sites to catch the attention of experts in a large variety of fields ranging from engineering, environmental science and marine environmental science to computer science, forestry sciences and geology. The Santa Monica Mountain Watersheds features and channel morphology are the main purposes of geologic and atmosphere controls. In the San Monica Mountain, the geology was discovered to be one of the significant aspects of developing the presence of summer low flow habitation which is possibly one of the main limiting aspects in California streams. Some of the places aquifers are present and also the water in the ground area is forced to the surface area due to the presence of sheer mistakes, springs and seeps are more general. The appearances of rocks by way of low hydraulic conductivity and a non-existence of faulting presence to show the way little or no base flow. On a regional level the eastern area of the Santa Monica Mountain likely provides a superior prospective for summer season low flow on the reason of the favorable geology. â€Å"Escondido and Little Sycamore also had potential in terms of providing low flow habitat with approximately 49 and 40 percent of the channel being wet during the dry months, respectively. Further comparison and ranking of the quality of fish habitat among basins will be elucidated through analysis of the existing field data† (Harrison et al. 13). Target audience of the Santa Monica Mountain Watersheds are, the K-12, University student, teacher, general public and Non-Formal Educator. More than 90,000 peoples are lives in the regions of the Los Angles state call this watershed house as do innumerable animals and plant species. Protection of watershed is the one of the extremely significant aspects not only the quality of life of the residents of the country but also to guarantee the long-term healthiness of the ecosystem. On the other hand enhanced urbanization has resulted in the quality of water and quantity matters in addition to the loss of grave habitat. Various association and organizations is gather various data’s and information in the watershed, a number of them are going back healthy more than 20 years. Information relating to the quality of water is of particular significance due to its consequence on plant, person, and animal and on the whole system health. â€Å"The Las Virgenes Municipal Water District, H eal the Bay, the Resource Conservation District, the City of Calabasas and many other agencies has

Free Market Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Free Market Economy - Essay Example The restrictions include both the ownership and exchange of commodities. In this type of economy, the price of each item or service is agreed upon with the mutual consent of sellers and buyers. The seller is free to offer how much he wants to sell his products or services. Likewise, the buyer is free to bid for the purchase price he wants or needs to buy the product or service he or she craves for. The free market economy is similar to laissez fair economy where the economic condition in the real world is mostly confining government intervention in economic matters as a regulating against force and fraud among market participants. Therefore, with the country's government force limited to a defensive role, government does not ignite the spark in the marketplace. The government, in this scenario has the economic role to levy taxes in order to finance the smooth flow of the free market economy. In the extremely free market economy, its advocates strongly denounce the government's tax in tervention. On the other hand, the opposite to free market economy is a controlled market. In this type of economy, supply and price are set by a government. ... the free market economy is that the traders and buyers themselves must not force for defraud the other party thereby making the other person unhappy. In short, all trading done are morally voluntary on all parties. Supply And Demand Theory Table 1. Demand Curve1 The above table shows that, if the buyer is made to choose, if the purchase price (P1) above was lowered (P2), the demand for the products increases from the original quantity (Q1) to the higher quantity (Q2). This is taken from the St. Charles County Community College Econ 100-80 Survey Economics class. Table 2. Supply Curve Supply Curve2 above shows that if the supplier is made to choose, the supplier can increase the quantity he sells when the prices of his goods and services increases. Table 3. Equilibrium Price. Table 3 above based on Deardorff's Glossary of International Economics3 , states that the equilibrium price is the price where the demand curve and the supply curve intersect or meet. This equilibrium price is designated by the letter E. This is the price that makes both the seller and the buyer happy. 2. Explain the possible reasons for state intervention in the working of free markets and decribe the manner in which such intervention could take place. (30 marks)In reality though, there is really no completely free market economy. We have to admit that all governments do interfere with the generally free market to some degree. There will always be government intervention in the form of price controls, taxes and restrictions that prevent new or unwanted competitors from entering the state's free market. In supply-side economics, free market is a technical term that is used to pinpoint to a political or ideological viewpoint on policy which is may

Personal Selling Essay Example for Free

Personal Selling Essay My wife and I love shopping. She is more of a driver while I am on the analytical side. I like to gather the information, know the facts, evaluate options and then go for a purchase. For my wife, it is important to know the basic facts about the product and she is ready to make a quick decision, whether she wants the product or not. When we do shopping together, mostly we debate on â€Å"let’s buy right now vs. why not wait and evaluate other options. † Who wins? Well! Suffice it to say, our scores are pretty even. Recently she bought a new digital camera. While going to the nearest â€Å"Best Buy† to buy the camera, she wanted me to accompany her. Though before entering the store, she cautioned me to not to start a fact finding mission, comparing features and benefits of various brands, as she wants to make this purchase a quick and simple one. I agreed, but was not convinced. The digital camera market is now a days turned into a commodity market. There is a high price sensitivity due to â€Å"difficult comparison effects. † There are so many choices and brands available with similar features and benefits that sometimes it is really difficult to pick an absolute winner. When we entered the Best Buy, we already had a silent agreement that it will be a short trip, no fuss over facts! When we went to the Camera Section, it was truly confusing. There were so many choices from Nikons and Canons to Sonys and Toshibas that it was difficult to select one. My wife looked puzzled, and I had a huge grin, the message was loud†¦ and you wanted this to be a quick and simple purchase! Triumphantly, grinning from cheek to cheek, I started looking at the features of each brand and started comparing them†¦ the analyzer prevailed! But soon I was confused too. The features/ benefits and price variability was difficult to connect. There was significant price variability between various brands with similar features. At this point, we really needed help. Those of you, shopping at the Best Buy could relate to the fact that mostly it is hard to get help at this store. Customer service paged for the sales person but no one turned up. We were getting a bit annoyed because we were waiting for fifteen minutes and no sales person was available. When we were about to lose patience and walk out of the store, came a sales person. With a smiling face, he introducing himself as Bob. First, he very politely apologized for the long waiting time, gave us the reasons, of course the usual ones. But his demeanour and empathy washed out all our resentment and annoyance. He then enquired about our need and what we are looking for in a camera, etc. After determining our need, he gave an over view of the available choices in the camera section and by process of differentiation short listed four choices. He knew what he was talking, giving us quick facts about the products connecting features and benefits with our needs. We were impressed. By the time he short listed the choices, we were in so mesmerized and developed full faith in him that we were even ready to accept whatever he recommends as the best. But he did not do that, instead he narrowed down the choices and left the final decision on us. That was a great gesture. When we completed the purchase and walked out of the store, both my wife and me, a driver and an analyzer were happy and content because of a good experience. Did we make a great purchase or Bob, the sales person, made a great sale. Well, it was a win win situation for both stakeholders and this is a trait of great sales person. Why it was a good experience? First, Bob made sure to empathize with us, instantly relieving our anxiety due to long wait time. Second, he determined our need and then connected it with the available choices. He was confident because his product knowledge was superb. He had a human side that was touching and he did not impose his choice on us nor did forced selling. Now a days, we make it a point to recommend Bob to all our friends, if they are in need of a camera.

Evaluation of Tourism Brochure for Portugal

Evaluation of Tourism Brochure for Portugal The National Tourism Office for Portugal describes the country as one of the world’s oldest nations whose boundaries have remained unchanged since the thirteenth century. It encompasses the Azores and Madeira within its region and offers rapid access to other countries in Europe as well as the American continent and Africa. It has mild winters and ‘agreeable’ summers. It has a population of over 10 million, with the highest demographic in Lisbon. It boasts strong and historical and cultural ties with the rest of the world. (Sourced from: http://www.portugal.org/index.shtml, Date accessed, 12/01/09) Located in South West Europe Portugal has been an economic and politically powerful country and played a key role in early maritime exploration during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It is clear that tourist brochures key objectives are to sell a positive and appealing destination to travelers; what is not quite so apparent are the disguised messages that are frequently conveyed by the way in which certain pictures are produced and by way of cleverly composed coded text throughout. Two official brochures issued by the Portuguese Tourism Office will be analysed for their content within this paper. This will mostly focus on visual images as well as some textual interpretation. One represents a traditional travel brochure depicting the country generically, while the other is their most up to date promotional campaign brochure which has only recently been launched. In Eric Laws’ Embracing and Managing Change in Tourism he talks about using content analysis to make ‘replicable and valued inferences from data to their context’. His model seeks to decode messages according to categories including location, activities, transport and travel parties etc whilst breaking down the analysis in sections; the front page, photographs and text. (Laws, 1998) It is this approach that will be applied to this paper. Assessing first the more traditional brochure for the country, immediately the front cover conveys a sense of isolation, with what appears to be a digitally enhanced image of a rock in the middle of the sea. Whether this is meant to represent Portugal is unclear and although a little uninspiring it will appeal to a certain type of audience that will want to discover more. This audience target becomes more apparent the further into the brochure you read. The first page into the literature provides a mixture of emotive, nationalistic and evocative images. A local Portuguese poet is quoted as a means of engaging the reader immediately with the prospect of a country which is inspired by the arts, as well as characterising it as a country not to be confused as a seaside resort, but rather for its lesser known rugged mountains and lakes which are illustrated romantically on the front cover. The accompanying text continues to relay all of the diverse things that Portugal has in terms of app ealing to a broad audience. These include nightclubs, hiking or deserted coves. However whilst it may seem to want to appeal to all people it is at the same time obviously trying to attract the type of middle class, sensitive and emotional visitor who will be inspired by beauty and poetry. The second page continues with this theme but elaborates on the architecture, museums and heritage to be discovered. Now the reader begins to imagine Portugal as more of an ‘old world’ country, which of course is what it is and it is clear that the brochure wants to emphasise this age old association with Portugal, not so much the seaside resort, but more of a cultural haven. Once again this romantic element continues across the following pages where the quaint old images are elaborated further with the introduction of the idea of romance. It’s as if the brochure has succeeded in coming across as a charming, welcoming country which is most suitable as a destination for lovers a nd couples to embrace. The reader is told that for the Portuguese ‘romance is as important as the air they breath’ It even goes so far as to say ‘one-night stands are out’ which automatically assumes that the young, single man or woman perhaps coming to the country in a group of similar young and single people would not feel comfortable or at ease. This is not the market that they want to encourage. It is a clever message and not so much cryptic, more overt in its presence. Already there have been four images all of which contain no people in them. This is particularly interesting as it suggests the sender of the message is trying to convey Portugal as a form of tourism which suits escapism. Pictures of food and restaurants feature across the next two pages with a list of the ten things you should not leave Portugal before tasting. Portugal thrives on its high-level services like drinking, eating and shopping and it seems uncharacteristic then that for a thirty six page brochure only around three or four pages have any images of food, bars or restaurants. Already this assumes in many ways that the country has defined its tourist and is utilising different methods of trying to attract them. In Finn et al’s Tourism and Leisure Research Methods: Data Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation the authors write about a research study which took place over three years on a remote Scottish Island with the intention of understanding better the relationship between islanders and tourists. Life on the island changed significantly over the summer months when visitors arrived and the study was able to determine that all visitors could be clearly categorized. The categories included day-trippers, summer residents, tourists, returning island-born visitors etc. (Finn et al, 2000) The tourists were defined, known and responded to accordingly. Each country has an understanding of who their visitors are and will attempt to appeal to them as categories, such as those listed above. In order to do that they apply a number of techniques that will be designed to capture the imagination of any given category. This particular brochure omits any indication of hedonism, instead it depicts couples walking or lone back-packers. There are no crowd scenes, no shots of happy groups of participatory people. The focus remains on large rural landscapes, with urban representations limited to the city architecture, rather than on nightlife or entertainment. The word romance appears seven times in the first four pages, which immediately indicates that the oweness is on this type of visitor; a couple or perhaps two friends looking for meaningful encounters rather than drink-fuelled, party antics. This isn’t isolated to one section of the brochure either, it is prevalent throughout even in the pages selling Lisbon, Portugal’s adven turous capital city. In fact the word Lisbon only features once in some contact details at the end of the literature. Portugal’s capital is referred throughout by its old traditional Portuguese name, Lisboa. This in itself suggests that the tourist office is appealing to more sophisticated and knowledgeable travelers who will know that Lisboa is Lisbon. Some readers may understandably pick up a brochure of Portugal looking for Lisbon, but it is clearly this type of prospective visitor that the country is not necessarily interested in appealing to here. Page 19 goes into tremendous detail about the historical background of the region. For many standard holiday makers looking for a cheap and cheerful get away this will automatically leave them cold and disinterested. The text reads like a detailed guide book in the style of Lonely Planet or Time Out. The Mosteiro dos Jerà ³nimos in the district of Belà ©m is a hymn in stone to Portugal’s maritime heritage, while the Torre de Belà ©m is a potent symbol of Portugal’s great age  of expansion. Even contemporary architecture takes on a maritime theme – the amazing new Vasco da Gama bridge is in the shape of a giant sail. After the devastating earthquake of 1755, Baixa Pombalina (the centre of Lisboa) was rebuilt in a classical style, but many of the winding mediaeval bairros remain, crammed with fascinating shops, restaurants and cafà ©s. At night they come into their own,  offering everything from African to Latin American music – and of course the  bluesy melancholy of fado. This is not the language traditionally associated with grabbing the attention of hard marketing, fast promoting tourist attractions and once again only seeks to reiterate the type of audience they are trying to capture. The second brochure for analysis is very different in its approach. It has been designed in a deliberately stylized way to grab the attention of the potential tourist. The reader is informed immediately that this has been created specifically for Portugal by the world renowned photographer Nick Knight. A photographer who is British, which immediately eradicates any thoughts of patriotism or national pride which comes across so clearly in the opening pages of the other brochure. And on the cover the reader is presented with a juxtaposing photograph of the Portuguese football manager Jose Mourinho resting above the caption ‘My country has 220 days of sunshine every year’. Jose Mourinho is the face of Portugal, literally. Not only that but the accompanying statement makes it personalized somehow, as if Mourinho was talking to the reader as a friend or confident. This is a very clever way of engaging readers. In addition it is almost as if the writers of the brochure have de cided that they need to associate the country more with a well known image. It signifies pride whilst boasting that it is a country blessed with sun and celebrities. National celebrities as well as the ability to attract other celebrities such as Nick Knight. It is a very bold, confident style. The most noticeable next technique to be analysed is the selected font that the brochure is written in. This looks like old computer style icons, which conjures up images of both the future in terms of technology and of nostalgia for old fashioned computer text. As a consequence the reader becomes drawn in by a familiar yet inspirational attitude towards the literature being presented. Is this the way in which Portugal is trying to be imagined? As an inspiring, forward-thinking country which is also reassuring some how. As if carrying on with this theme the brochure then informs us that Portugal is essentially trying to re-define and re-brand itself, telling us on page 4, that its many and varied assets deserve to be ‘promoted and exploited†¦.with a proper stage so that they can be seen, appreciated and valued as they are not enough at the moment’. This self-depreciating and yet overly confident message will appeal to readers on a number of levels. The information which the reader is communicated on page 6 is particularly interesting. It seeks to plead with prospective tourists on the basis of beginning to disassociate itself away from its old Mediterranean identity. Despite none of Portugal’s coast being on the Mediterranean Sea, it has often promoted itself as a ‘Mediterranean area’. For the first time in this brochure it is realigning itself with the ‘Atlantic†¦and our home’. This signifies a complete change of image and identity for the country and one that it wants to relay to other potential visitors from around the world. After approximately seven extremely short paragraphs along this same theme and a biography of Nick Knight; what emerges is a series of robust images, first of rugged seascapes and rough coastal scenes which invoke feelings of drama, excitement and energy which is clearly what this ‘new’ Portugal is attempting to portray. Probably the most powerful messa ges are however the next set of portraits which illustrate well known Portuguese people including the architect Miguel Cancio Martins, the artist Joana Vasconcelos, the footballer Cristiano Ronaldo and of course Jose Mourinho. It is a brochure which is very stylised and reads more like a power point presentation than a piece of promotional tourist information. It is particularly visual and leaves behind any romantic, idealised, historical textual information so associated with the hard sell of ‘old world country’s’. Instead it is making a very brave and bold move into re-branding itself as a country to be viewed as a modern contender even going to the extreme of repositioning itself geographically within the Atlantic Ocean, rather than the Mediterranean. Perhaps this has been done in a move towards getting people to start associating it with an entirely new type of holiday which does not necessarily reflect the beaches, clubs and excitement connected to the Medit erranean, but more in line with the sophistication of the brochure discussed earlier. To be considered more like Mexico and Guyana rather than Cyprus and Greece; the more popular and media driven destinations which are more and more prone to be associated with package tours, groups of young people and stag and hen parties. The other rationale for its provocative move might relate to the Middle East; so firmly entrenched as it is in the Mediterranean, in particular Israel and Libya. Recent political unrest and continued problems in this area might have prompted Portugal to consider disassociating itself from its previous identity. In Pritchard and Morgan’s study, Evaluating vacation destination brochure images: the case of local authorities in Wales, they identified the power and influence of images appearing in brochures into six groups all of which assist with establishing identity; scenery, activities, people, heritage, urban and rural and iconic destinations. (Pritchard and Morgan, 1995). This contemporary brochure proves no different in many ways. It still succeeds in Portugal establishing itself as a vacation destination in that it projects large bold images of Portugal’s natural scenery, not its heritage, castles or monuments, but the wildlife that exists around its coast, the people of course are also iconic representations and exemplify the country as a modern forward thinking and inspirational place to go. No activities are demonstrated but the photographs of well known people listed by occupation craftily suggests that it is possible to do anything in Portugal, whether that be a scient ist, artists, architect or even an Olympic champion. Portugal has it all. The juxtaposition of both brochures; traditional and contemporary have been interesting to analyse in relation to their differences as well as their very obvious similarities. From this angle it is determinable that messages may often be similar or indeed the same but that they can be delivered in very conflicting ways in the context of differing perspectives. Many of the messages relayed in both brochures advertising Portugal predominantly appeal to more broad minded, sophisticated audiences who appreciate and know a little more about life and the world around them. By doing so it sometimes actually serves to discourage anything other than that type of tourist, which may on some levels seem risky, whilst on others is understandable if the country has faced economic, public or political issues due to the nature of their tourism or media associated tourism. References Finn, M, Elliott-White, M, Walton, M (2000) Tourism and Leisure Research Methods: Data Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation: Pearson Education Laws, E, Faulkner, W, Moscardo, G, Faulkner, B (1998) Embracing and Managing Change in Tourism: International Case Studies: Routledge Pritchard, A and Morgan, N. (1995) Evaluating destination brochure images: the case of local authorities in Wales, Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol 2, pp 23-38 Ringer, G.D (1998) Destinations: Cultural Landscapes of Tourism: Routledge Official Portugal Tourism Office (Sourced from: http://www.portugal.org/index.shtml, Date accessed, 12/01/09)

Juries and their place in society :: essays research papers

The first months of war resounded with the collision of the war plans pored over for decades by the general staffs of Europe. The original German plan for a two-front war, drafted by Helmuth von Moltke the elder, had called for taking the offensive against Russia and standing on the defensive in the rugged Rhineland. The plan showed military prudence and complemented the stabilizing diplomacy of Bismarck. But Alfred, Graf von Schlieffen, presided over the German military in the era of Kaiser William's Weltpolitik and adopted a more ambitious and risky course. His plan, conceived in 1891 and completed by 1905, envisioned a massive offensive in the west to knock out the compact French forces in six weeks, whereupon the army could shift eastward to confront the plodding Russians. But a quick decision could be achieved in France only by a vast enveloping action. The powerful right wing of the German army must descend from the north and pass through the neutral Low Countries. This would virtually ensure British intervention. But Schlieffen expected British aid to be too little and too late. In sum, the Schlieffen Plan represented a pristine militarism: the belief that all factors could be accounted for in advance, that execution could be flawless, that pure force could resolve all political problems including those thrown up by the plan itself. In the event, the Germans realized all of the political costs of the Schlieffen Plan and few of the military benefits.Like the Germans, the French had discarded a more sensible plan in favour of the one implemented. French intelligence had learned of the grand lines of the Schlieffen Plan and its inclusion of reserve troops in the initial assault. General Victor Michel therefore called in 1911 for a blocking action in Belgium in addition to an offensive into Alsace-Lorraine. But this required twice the active troops currently available. France would either have to give up the Belgian screen or the offensive. The new chief of staff, J.-J.-C. Joffre, refused to believe that Germany would deploy reserve corps in immediate combat and gave up the screen. By October 1914 all the plans had unraveled. After the German defeat in the Battle of the Marne, the Western Front stabilized into an uninterrupted line for 466 miles from Nieuwpoort on the Belgian coast south to Bapaume, then southeast past Soissons, Verdun, Nancy, and so to the Swiss frontier.

Film Comparison Reservoir Dogs and the Killing

Directed by Stanley Kubrick and released in 1956, The Killing has resonated through the years as an influential and groundbreaking story of a botched bank robbery told through the eyes of each different characters point of view. The scenes are strategically organized out of order and lead the story through a maze of plot advancements. Quentin Tarantino’s Reservoir Dogs opened in October 1992 and draws many influences and themes from Kubrick’s film. The unorthodox arrangement of scenes accompanied by meticulously crafted development of character side stories can be seen in both features.Furthermore, these films subject matter both have to do with a planned heist gone awry resulting in the deaths of all but one character that is later apprehended by the authorities. The underlying themes also mirror one another quite seamlessly especially when it comes to trust and character conduct. Each film does a fine job at gripping the audience in suspense until the final cut scene. In both films, there is the initial robbery plan that is presented to a small group of mostly thugs who don’t ask too many questions and would probably turn on one another in the blink of an eye.It becomes apparent quite soon into the opening of each film that something has gone or will go wrong at some point at the hands of a mole within the operation. Accidents, such as Reservoir Dogs failed robbery attempt itself, happen within both plots to make the stories move forward at a jarring rate. Each of the film’s directors were able to take away any and all comprehension of time outside of the movie experience and replace it with edge of your seat, non-linear plot installations. Above all, the distinct and groundbreaking writing from both films is what creates the sense of hyperrealism seen within both features.The language and direction used in Tarantino’s movie pays homage to early film noir classics as well as films such as Martin Scorsese’s Mean Street s and even The Killing itself. The themes found in The Killing can also be found quite easily within Reservoir Dogs as well. Stanley Kubrick’s film was released in the mid 1950’s and has underlying tones that were most likely derived from the uneasiness of the nation at that time. Who to trust remains to be a big theme in the movie, especially after the group finds out that there is a snitch among the ranks.Reservoir Dogs plays off of this same notion and really makes an unapologetic example of how no one can be trusted, even when you truly believe in them. The Killing goes as far as to imply that, in the case of the window teller and his greedy wife, men should not trust women, especially when it comes to the subject of potential money in the pocket. They send out the message that you can only trust one person and one person only: yourself. The eternal excuse that money cannot provide happiness becomes a recurring theme in both films.Another theme seen in each movie s uggests the idea that violence creates nothing but negativity and eventual downfall. Considering the fact that nearly every main character in both films perishes by the end, just goes to show the theme that tells us how violence met with more violence can only result in misery. There are many similarities between each of these films. Quentin Tarantino candidly speaks about how he wanted to create his own version of The Killing, and how he did exactly that with Reservoir Dogs.The pervasive amount of violence found in both films also becomes noteworthy when looking for parallels between the two. Reservoir Dogs is violent in many more scenes than The Killing and is also filled with much coarser language, but the sustained violence that occurs during the final 25 minutes of The Killing must certainly have been something seldom seen by the public in the time of its release, especially the graphic bullet wounds seen in the faces of several fallen characters.In both films, violence is some thing that each character uses in order to get by, but by the end of each feature most of the characters have perished at the hands of someone else. This goes to show that even though the characters were intrinsically geared toward violence, they met their respective downfalls due to their own violent or dubious actions.